Analysis of Edgar Allan Poe´s The Tell-Tale Heart - 605 Words

â€Å"The Tell- Tale Heart†, written in 1843, is a simultaneous horror and mental story presented in a first- person perspective, in which Edgar Allan Poe, the author, portrays that the significant influence of inner guilty and fear on narrator’s insane. The author achieves this in the means of figurative languages, symbolism and the plot of the story. Through the whole story, there is no doubt that guilty plays a tremendously crucial role. It is obvious that symbolism is used for many times. To begin with, the evil eye is one of the reasons why the narrator wants to kill the old man. â€Å"I undid it just so much that a single think ray fell upon the culture eye† (page 1)He refers the old man’s eyes as evil and vulture-like eyes. As we all know, vulture is the type of animals who attack dead animals. He is afraid of the old man’s vulture-like eyes mainly because he thinks that he will be dead, therefore, he plans to kill the old man. Furthermore, the heart beat symbolizes the narrator’s conscience and the guilty over a murder because the old man has never done something wrong. Since the corpse is just under his seat, he is afraid of being found that the old man is killed by him, which causes him to be extremely guilt, therefore, he heard the beat. So, the evil eyes and beating heart can clearly portra y the crucial effects of guilty. What’s more, the use of figurative languages poses a great amount of influences on present the theme of guilty. Repetition is definitely one of theShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Tell Tale Heart 1015 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Insane in the Membrane† Edgar Allan Poe is one of the most acclaimed short story writers of all time and is considered the father of the psychological thriller. He has achieved ever-lasting fame for his work in various fields of literature, from prose to verse. However, it is his Gothic narrative, in the short story realm he is greatest known for and is regarded as one of the foremost masters of horror that the United States has ever fashioned. The crucial component to these horror stories isRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s Tell Tale Heart Essay1401 Words   |  6 Pagesstereotypical â€Å"mean girl’ in life. But are you a mean girl only because you are insecure about yourself, or do you genuinely have nothing better to offer society than cruel comments on people’s appearance. Very much like a â€Å"mean girl† in Edgar Allan Poe’s Tell Tale Heart, it is a thrilling mystery with murder. The story is basically about a man who is a server to an old man who has an odd looki ng eye. It is not the old man’s fault for his appearance, nor should the old man deserve the cruel thought, thatRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Tell Tale Heart 1291 Words   |  6 Pagessecrets hidden in the story line that does it? Individually when each of you close your eyes and visualise a book that has been flicked by hundreds and has been adored what comes to mind? The famous Edgar Allan Poe stands out in the history of gothic texts, especially his novel the â€Å" Tell-Tale Heart†. However there is a numerous amount of contemporary texts based off this genre including Tim Burton’s â€Å" Vincent†. In this presentation I hope to engage you in the history of the gothic genre. GothicRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Tell Tale Heart1104 Words   |  5 PagesPoe Psychoanalysis Psychoanalysis began with Sigmund Freud, also known as the founding father of psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis is a method for treating mental illness and also a theory which explains human behavior. (McLeod) Freud broke his theory into 3 different levels, Id, Ego, and Superego. Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† and the â€Å"Cask of Amontillado† focused deep into these levels of psychoanalysis specifically the superego and the id. Freud explained that our superego is our conscienceRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Tell Tale Heart 1560 Words   |  7 Pagesbelong to Mr. Poe. You see, Edgar Allan Poe is still one of the greatest masters of enticing emotion into readers. Whether it is psychological fear in short stories like Bernice and The Pit and the Pendulum or poetry about death, sadness, and love. But, Poe really does raise the bar when it comes to mystery in his poetry. From houses suddenly combusting in The Fall of the House of Usher and uncanny deliriums in The Tell-Tale Heart, mysteries of all kinds encompass Poe s works. Poe has mastered theRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Tell Tale Heart957 Words   |  4 Pageswhether madness is or is not the loftiness of intelligence,† (Edgar Allan Poe). Edgar Allan Poe is a well known and beloved writer of the horrid and meticulous. Through emphasis on his personal life and personal insanity, we get a glimpse inside the world that might be our own minds as well as stories that teach us life lessons as well as make our blood curdle and ponder over the deep emotions of Poe’s life. Stories such as the Tell-Tale Heart teach us of these life lessons. In this story the narratorRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s A Tell Tale Heart1289 Words   |  6 PagesInside the Heart There are many well-known poets, but not many are as unique as Edgar Allan Poe. By the age of 13, Poe had become a creative poet (Biographies). Many of Poe s works were horrific fictional stories. His first book was published in Boston in 1827, called Tamerlane and other Poems. More of Poe s major works include Tales of the Grotesque a d Arabesque, which included his most spine tingling tales such as Ligeia and The Fall of the House of Usher. Most of Poe s works haveRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s The Tell Tale Heart857 Words   |  4 Pagesfear what they can t control. Author, Edgar Allan Poe wrote short stories that evoked emotions of fear of the unknown in a way that speaks to the reader. Some of Poe s stories were not well accepted in his day because people were just not ready for them- they were scary. Poe s works The Tell-Tale Heart, The Premature Burial and The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar evoke emotions of fear of the unknown for the reader Edgar Allan Poe s The Tell-Tale Heart, is a short story that illustrates theRead MoreWhy Should We Care?1748 Words   |  7 PagesWhy Should We Care?: Edgar Allan Poe â€Å"Few creatures of the night have captured [reader’s] imagination[s] like [Edgar Allan Poe]† (â€Å"Vampires†). Poe has fascinated the literary world since he first became known for writing in 1829, when he was just twenty years old (Chronology†). While he is widely known for exploring the macabre, his work is controversial because of its psychologically disturbing nature. Edgar Allan Poe is worth examining as an author because his many contributions to the literaryRead MoreThe Final Days of Edgar Allan Poe by Roger Francis 1732 Words   |  7 PagesEdgar Allan Poe is regarded as one of the most influential American writers of the nineteenth-century. Poe’s short stories posses the recurring themes of death, murder and his narrators often show signs of mental instability, like the old man in â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† and Montressor in â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†. Since tragedy was prominent throughout Poe’s life, his wor k reflects the darkness ingrained by continuously being faced with adversity. Poe’s mental stability also comes into question when

Observation of Different Photons When Elements Are Heated (Chem Lab) Free Essays

Observation of Different Photons when Elements are Heated Introduction: The bright line spectrum is the range of colorful lights that are emitted from an atom in its excited state. A â€Å"normal† atom, or an atom in its ground state, is when all of the atom’s electrons are in their proper energy level. When an atom is in its excited state, electrons jump to different energy levels making them unstable. We will write a custom essay sample on Observation of Different Photons When Elements Are Heated (Chem Lab) or any similar topic only for you Order Now As the electron tries to get back to its respective energy level, energy is emitted in the form of light (photons). Every element emits a different color that can be categorized into the bright line spectrum. Different elements give off different colors when heated because they all have different chemical properties, therefore, they will react differently under high temperatures. For example, [1] strontium, lithium carbonate, and strontium carbonate are often used in fireworks to create a red color. Calcium may be used to create orange, sodium for yellow, aluminum for white, barium chloride for green, copper for blue, strontium and copper for purple, and titanium for silver. Even though all elements give off unique colors when heated, it is impossible to identify all elements with the naked eye by doing this test because you have to know what color the element burns and sometimes the elements emit very similar colors. In this experiment, five known elements will be put under extreme heat to observe the color of the light emitted. Then, three unknown elements will be determined based upon the results of the known elements. Materials: 1. 2. Bunsen burner 3. Matches 4. Forceps 5. Wooden toothpicks 6. Sample of liquid calcium 7. Sample of liquid barium 8. Sample of liquid lithium 9. Sample of liquid sodium 10. Sample of liquid strontium 11. Three unknown liquid samples Procedure: 1. Turn on the gas for the Bunsen burner and light it with a match. 2. Using the forceps, take a toothpick and dip it into the calcium sample. Hold it in the sample for a few seconds to make sure that the sample has soaked in. 3. Stick the toothpick into the flame from the side, still using the forceps. 4. Record the color seen. 5. Repeat steps 2-4 for the rest of the samples. 6. Turn the gas off. 7. When finished, compare the results of the known elements to the unknown elements to determine what they are; they will have the same color. [1]- http://chemistry. about. com/od/fireworkspyrotechnics/a/fireworkcolors. htm Results: Element Tested| Color it Burned| Determined to Be| Calcium| Orange| -| Barium| Yellow| -| Lithium| Red| -| Sodium| Yellow-Orange | -| Strontium| Darker Red | -| Unknown 1| Orange | Calcium| Unknown 2| Yellow| Barium| Unknown 3| Red| Lithium| Conclusion: In conclusion, the unknown elements were able to be determined because their emitted color matched those of calcium, barium, and lithium. This method for determining different elements in a controlled experiment, however, I don’t think this method would be effective for determining any unknown element. There are many elements and they may burn unique colors but often times, they are similar. For example, while performing this experiment, it was difficult to determine if unknown element1 was calcium or sodium because they both burned an orangey type color. It is possible that the toothpicks used in this lab got contaminated because someone may have touched them with their hands. If this is the case, then the elements may have burned a different color than they were supposed to. When performing this experiment, it was observed that the colors of the flames of each sample were different. This is because each element has a different chemical property. For the element that burned a similar color, this may be because they have similar, but different, chemical properties. This method of identifying elements in real life may be used when looking at fireworks. Fireworks are different elements set on fire; the different colors that are seen are the different elements returning to their ground state. How to cite Observation of Different Photons When Elements Are Heated (Chem Lab), Essays

Comparison on Making Polite Requests in English an Essay Example For Students

Comparison on Making Polite Requests in English an Essay d in ChineseAbstract: Polite requests play an important role in daily communication. Different culture has various ways of making request. In order to get ridof misunderstanding, it is necessary to clarify the different politeexpression of making request in diverse culture. This paper chooses tocompare English and Chinese polite request making. Key words: Politeness; Request; English; ChineseIntroduction With the development of mass media andinformationtechnology,communicative borders are removed and people become closer and closer. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the different lifestyles ofvarious cultural community. However, the main reasons ofsuccessfulcommunication does not only include how well a language is spoken, but alsosome personal and cultural elements. When considering social context, non-verbal communication plays an important role in language learning. A veryinteresting topic in this large field is politeness, since forms ofpoliteness are often misinterpreted and lead to misunderstandings. So Ichose to have a closer look at the differences between politeness inChinese and English. Politeness is known as a courteous manner that displays respects, showdeference in society where people live and communicate together (OEDonline). Furthermore, according to Brown and Levinson (1978), politenesstheory is the speakers expressions use toward receiver in soft manner ofFace Threaten Acts (FTAs) to saving face of addressees. There are four mainstrategies in politeness theory as: bald-on record, positive politeness,negative politeness and off record. Bald- on record, a type is commonlywith people known each other very well and very comfortable in theirenvironment, is reduce the impact of FTAs. Off record is removing thespeakers from any imposition whatsoever (Zhan, 1992). Positive politenessis redress directed to addressees positive face (Brown and Levinson,1978, p.101), while negative politeness is making a request less intrudeinto a persons private. Alternatively, request is a type of speech of act where the speaker askor demand from the hearer to perform an act which is for the benefit of thespeaker. A request has two parts: head act and modifiers. Head act is themain utterance which conveys a complete request and can stand by itselfwithout any modifiers for express demand. The head act is follow bymodifiers that moderate or exaggerate the impact of the request on theaddressee. For example, Could I borrow your dictionary, please? whereCould I borrow your dictionary is head act and please is modifier. So, every culture, every language has different ways to making requestsin politeness. Therefore, the scope in this research is compared thedifferences expression of politeness requesting in two languages: Englishand Chinese. Following to House and Kasper (1981), their research claimedthat speakers prefer to choose negative politeness strategies than positivepoliteness because when the relative face threat is high because negativepoliteness strategies are easily compensation than positive politenessstrategies. To evaluate the difference of politeness in making request intwo languages English and Chinese, the research will analysethreedifference situations in classroom, at restaurant and at home. Discussion In English grammar, in order to make a polite request, people usuallyuse the modal verbs like can, could, will, would to allow the speaker toask their need by asking for or giving permission, and so on. The formationof making a polite request is: (Leech, Cruickhank, Ivanic, 2001)Modal Verb (Could/ Can/ Will/ Would) + Subject + Base Verb +. ?For example, Can you give a book? So, in this sentence, can is a modal verb, you is subject and giveis base verb. In Chinese grammar as like as English grammar, speakers useoptatives verbs (e.g. ?,,?)to express wishes, making a request, and havepermissions. Follow to the grammar rule, the optatives verb put before themain verb and add? question particle at the end of the sentence: (Wang,1996)S + Opt. Verb + Main Verb + Obj. + (e.g. ) Or in an affirmative-negative question, the negative adverb should beput between the optatives verb instead of the main verb: (Wang, 1996)S + Opt. Verb + ? (Negative Adv.) + Opt. verb + Main Verb + Obj. ?( e.g. ) Additionally, in imperative sentences or interrogative sentences Englishis adding the conventional expression please to make their requests morepolite and to make soften their utterance text (E.g. Please give me a book!or Could you give a book, please?) (Leech, Cruickhank, Ivanic, 2001)On the other hand, Chinese grammar has many strategies to making a requestin politeness by using reduplication of verbs, using particle, usingstructure verb+ . Most of these strategies have one purpose which ismake the soften tone of speech of act (Zhan, 1992). Retired Volunteers EssayAt home: (Huang Zhengcheng, 1996)Chinese:,::::,::,? :?!EnglishDavid: Dad, I m going to post office to send a letter. Do you want to buyanything?Chen: Please give me some stamps. David: How many do you want?Chen: Five. Lili: David, could you buy for me some envelopes?David: How many do you want?Lili: Ten. Please, can you get me a copy of China Pictorial as well?David: O.K For this situation, the speaker speak to his family members to tell themwhere he going. He shows his respect to his father by using honorific form?, while in English, the speaker just address you. The father reply byusing imperative sentence to demand his wants. In Chinese, the elder peopleor high status, or the close relationship has more power; therefore theyoften command to the youth or powerless people via imperative sentences,such as . However, English people useindirectformviainterrogative sentences tends for more polite like Please, can you get mea copy of China Pictorial as well?At restaurant: (Wu zhongwei, 2003)Chinese1: , !: , 1: . : , 2: :,3:,:?,,1:!EnglishCustomer 1: waiter!Waiter: Yes, sir! Are you ready to order?Customer 1: Id like a bottle of beer. Waiter: Excuse-me, Madam, what do you want to drink. Customer 2: Ill have a cup of coffee. Waiter: And you?Customer 3: A glass of coke, please. Thank you. Waiter: O.K. please wait a while, your order will be ready in a minute. Customer 1: Can I pay the bill, please? The difference between Chinese and English in this situation is usingaddresses. The service boy uses , , to address the elderly peopleand children; whereas in English way the waiter uses social status sir,madam for respect the customer. To reply polite the asking of waitersorder, customers add conventional polite expression please or Id like/Ill have. In other words, Chinese customers use verbs ?, ? to suggesttheir requests. Besides some verbs, Chinese people also use ?, theparticle ?, , reduplicated verb to give an order. Because ofinfluenced of Chinese culture, customers have more power, so they give acommand through the imperative sentence ! without the conventionalpolite expression. Conclusion To sum up, the goal is to compare different expression of Chinese andEnglish languages in order to have polite requests or orders to addressee. After researching and comparing two languages, even though English andChinese request can be used with interrogative and imperative sentences,but there are many strategies of politeness in the Chinese language becauseChinese are affected in Chinese culture and grammar. Chinese people applydirect request form in the small size of face-threatening act, whileEnglish speakers use indirect form in either small or big of facethreatening act. Although Chinese and English have some different way toexpress the politeness in making request, but both two languages have onepurpose that is softening the tone of speech between requesters andaddressees by keeping a proper distance, since politeness is an importantrole in the smoothly and efficiently communication. Reference List:Brown, P. S, Levinson. (1978). Politeness: Some Universals in LanguageUsage. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press. House, J. Kasper, G. (1981). Politeness Markets in English and German inConversationRoutine. The Hague: Mouton de Gruyter. Huang, Z. C. (1996). Chinese for today, book 1 2nd ed. HongKong: theCommercial Press Ltd. Kane, D. (2006). The Chinese Language: Its History and Current Usage. Singapore: TuttlePublising. Lu, Y. (2009). Cultural Differences of Politeness in English and Chinese. Asian Social Science56 154-1156. Leech, G.;Cruickshank, B. Ivanic, R. (2001). An A-Z of English Grammar Usage. Malaysia: Longman. Wang, Y. (1996). Practical Chinese Reader Companion. United States ofAmerica: Cheng Tsui Company. Zhan, K. (1992). The Strategies of Politeness in the Chinese Language.

Psychopathy free essay sample

Criminal psychopathy can be both repulsive and fascinating, as illustrated by the vast number of books and movies inspired by this topic. Offenders diagnosed with psychopathy pose a significant threat to society, because they are more likely to harm other individuals and to do so again after being released. A brain imaging study in the Netherlands shows individuals with psychopathy have reduced empathy while witnessing the pains of others. When asked to empathize, however, they can activate their empathy. This could explain why psychopathic individuals can be callous and socially cunning at the same time. Why are psychopathic individuals more likely to hurt others? Individuals with psychopathy characteristically demonstrate reduced empathy with the feelings of others, which may explain why it is easier for them to hurt other people. However, what causes this lack of empathy is poorly understood. Scientific studies on psychopathic subjects are notoriously hard to conduct. Convicted criminals with a diagnosis of psychopathy are confined to high-security forensic institutions in which state-of-the-art technology to study their brain, like magnetic resonance imaging, is usually unavailable, explains Professor Christian Keysers, Head of the Social Brain Lab in Amsterdam, and senior author of a study on psychopathy appearing in the Journal Brain this week. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychopathy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Bringing them to scientific research centres, on the other hand, requires the kind of high-security transportation that most Judicial systems are unwilling to finance. The Dutch Judicial system, however, seems to be an exception. They Joined forces with academia to promote a better understanding of psychopathy. As a result, criminals with psychopathy were transported to the Social Brain Lab of the University Medical Center in Groningen The Netherlands). There, the team could use state of the art high-field functional magnetic resonance imaging to peak into the brain of criminals with psychopathy while they view the emotions of others. The study, which will appear on the 25th of July in the Journal Brain (published by Oxford University Press) and is entitled Reduced spontaneous but relatively normal deliberate vicarious representations in psychopathy, included 18 individuals with psychopathy and a control group, and consisted of three parts. All participants first watched short movie clips of two eople interacting with each other, zoomed in on their hands. The movie clips showed one hand touching the other in a loving, a painful, a socially rejecting or a neutral way. At this stage, we asked them to look at these movies Just as they would watch one of their favourite films, Harma Meffert, the first author of the paper, explains. Meffert was a graduate student in the Social Brain Lab while the study was conducted, and is now a post-doctoral fellow at the National Institutes of Mental Health in Bethesda. Next, the participants watched the same clips again. This time, owever, the researchers prompted them explicitly to empathise with one of the actors in the movie, that is, they were requested to really try to feel what the actors in the movie were feeling. In the third and final part, we performed similar hand interactions with the participants themselves, while they were lying in the scanner, having their brain activity measured, adds Meffert. We wanted to know to what extent they would activate the same brain regions while they were watching the hand interactions in the movies, as they would hand interactions themselves. when they were experiencing these same

Guns Should Be Controlled or Restricted in the USA

Guns Should Be Controlled or Restricted in the USA Introduction Some Americans are inclined to accentuate their freedom provided in the democratic society with references to different aspects of the social life and legal policies. The possibility to have handguns to use them for protecting the property or life is also discussed in the context of stating the human rights and freedoms. However, the problem is in the fact that the real consequences of having handguns are in providing the threats for the other people but not in protecting themselves.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Guns Should Be Controlled or Restricted in the USA specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Gun assaults are typical for the American society, and they emphasize the controversial character of the question associated with appropriateness of providing the public with the open access to handguns. Today, many sociologists and politicians insist on developing the restricting laws for guns’ ownership or on the absolute control of the process. Guns should be controlled or restricted in the country with references to the legal policies and laws because guns’ ownership is directly connected with the high rate of homicides in the USA, the availability of handguns affects the increase of suicide rates, provokes the growth of the children’s violence and intimate partner violence, and affects the increase of the violent attacks, using guns. Homicides and Strict Gun Control It is impossible not to pay attention to the fact that the rate of homicides in the USA is rather high. The problem is in fact that the causes of the phenomenon are not only in increasing the atmosphere of violence in the society but also in the availability of the methods to realize the violent intentions. From this point, gun ownership can be discussed as one of the most provocative aspects associated with the criminal situation in the country. According to Stell, â€Å"gun assaults are 5- 7 times more likely to result in death than non-guns assaults †¦ 70% of American homicides are committed with guns†, and moreover, â€Å"other countries with assault rates similar to America’s but with lower gun prevalence and with a commensurately lower percentage of homicide committed with guns enjoy homicide rates 50%+ lower than America† (Stell 38). It is possible to speak about the direct correlation between the availability of handguns and their usage as the means to kill the other person. The fact that 70% of homicides in the country are committed with guns can have the inverse dependence, and it is possible to affect the rate of homicides with controlling the access to handguns and their usage. Thus, Stell states that â€Å"reducing the percentage of homicides committed with guns is the key to reducing America’s homicide rate† (Stell 39). That is why, the only way to reduce the rate of homicides is the provision of the restricted laws a nd policies to control the usage of handguns by the population. From this point, â€Å"carefully-crafted, well-enforced firearms control policies can contribute to marginal reductions in criminal violence† (Stell 38).Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, the rate of homicides depends on the fact of the spread gun ownership among the US population, and to affect the negative tendencies in increasing the rate of homicides, it is necessary to focus on the restricted laws with the help of which it is possible to control who uses the gun and for what purposes. The following figure demonstrates the correlation between the number of victims and the weapon used to murder. Thus, handguns are used more often than any other type of weapon in the USA. Figure 1: Homicide by Weapon Type, 1976-2000 (Stell 43). Dependence of the Suicide Rate on the Gun Ownership The rate of suicides in the USA is also based on the fact of availability of handguns, and the problem can be solved with references to the gun control policies and laws. Stell claims that â€Å"more than 30,000 Americans commit suicide each year, putting suicide in the top ten causes of death. Guns’ â€Å"market share† in suicide is 50% not as large as their market share in homicide†¦but the body count is nearly twice as high† (Stell 39). It is rather difficult to determine from this perspective it is necessary to refer to the problem of committing suicide, and there is the question whether it is possible to control the rate of suicides with the help of restrictions in relation to gun ownership. However, the correlation between gun ownership and committing suicides with the help of handguns exists, and people should pay attention to this fact. Thus, it is possible to expect that, restricting the gun ownership, the governors will contribute to the decrease of the suicide rate in the USA. Suicides can be discussed as the reflections of the social situation in the country, but the suicides committed with using the handguns are also the reflections of the inappropriate laws operating in the country which allow people the minimally controlled access to the firearms.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Guns Should Be Controlled or Restricted in the USA specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Children’s Violent Actions and the Usage of Handguns The next negative consequence associated with the lack of control in the sphere of regulating the access to handguns is the interdependence between having guns and expressing violence. It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that, realizing the availability of handguns and being affected by the violence in the media, children are inclined to perceive the violent actions as the ordinary situation in the real life. There are man y ways to explain the actions of the children who shoot their classmates and teachers, and the lack of the strict gun control is discussed among the causes for the tragic events. Thus, in their research, Lawrence and Birkland discuss the causes and consequences of the tragic situation at Columbine High School in 1999. The researchers state, â€Å"in April 1999, two students at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado shot and killed 12 students and a teacher before killing themselves† (Lawrence and Birkland 1193). There were a lot of decisions made, and much attention was paid to the influence of the pop culture on children, to the availability of handguns, and to the necessity to develop school programs and security measures (Lawrence and Birkland 1196). The event shocked the public and made the society and politicians concentrate on the problem of gun control and the necessity of the restricted laws which should be stricter than the current regulations. Strict gun contr ol is the policy which is actively discussed by the politicians who take the opposite positions and cannot choose between the necessity to provide the public with the access to handguns as the way to protect themselves and the necessity to provide the strict laws and policies to control the usage of handguns in the society. To resolve the salutation and accentuate the necessity of control and restrictions, the tragic event at Columbine High School in Littleton was used as a trigger to intensify the discussions. According to Lawrence and Birkland, when the tragic event opens a window of â€Å"opportunity for policy making, policy entrepreneurs can easily link a preexisting policy idea with a ‘‘new’’ problem†, and the situation at school in Littleton just provided such a possibility for the supporters of the restrictions to develop discussions and hope for adopting the necessary changes in laws (Lawrence and Birkland 1201). Shootings at schools are the controversial events which make the public rethink the approaches to handgun policies. Nevertheless, the active reactions of the public subside, but the problem remains to be unsolved. Nevertheless, it is necessary to provide the strict gun control and restrict the usage of handguns to guarantee the secure environment for children. Homicides and Violence at Home The public’s violence is the problem of the American society, and it is also correlated with such an issue as the domestic violence. Children suffer from the violent actions of their classmates at school, and many persons suffer from the violent actions of their partners at home. The question becomes more controversial when its discussion is supported by the evidences and statistics related to the rate of the homicides performed with the help of handguns.Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, Vittes and Sorenson state that intimate partner violence results in 1500 deaths in the country and intimate partner assaults â€Å"involving a firearm are 12 times more likely to result in death than those involving other weapons or bodily force†, and moreover, firearms â€Å"are the most common weapon in intimate partner homicides† (Vittes and Sorenson 828). The problem can be discussed from the perspective that, understanding the availability of handguns, people are inclined to forget about the limited situations when it is possible to use the handgun legally. All the problematic situations, conflicts, and discussions cannot result in using handguns as the main argument in the negotiation process. Vittes and Sorenson accentuate the positive impact of restrictions on the considerations of people about the possibility to have and use handguns. Thus, those persons who are under some restraining order are not inclined to buy handguns because they are prohibited to have such an opportunity, â€Å"they may have been aware that they were legally prohibited from doing so; the prohibition is clearly stated on the restraining order itself† (Vittes and Sorenson 830). This example can be discussed as the evidence to support the statement that definite restrictions and laws can become effective methods to change the situation in the society and prevent the active usage of handguns. Today, a lot of people are at risk to experience the threat of being killed with a handgun because of the lack of restricted laws. The US population should be disarmed, and only specific groups of people (e.g. police officers, military officers, and private security guards) should be allowed to carry licensed guns. The Opposite Opinion However, there is also an opinion that restricted laws and policies cannot be discussed as the effective means to control the rate of homicides and suicides in the country, and it is important to pay attention to the other social cause s of the problem instead of developing the strict gun control policies. Thus, Kates and Mauser state that â€Å"if the mantra â€Å"more guns equal more death and fewer guns equal less death† were true, broad based cross-national comparisons should show that nations with higher gun ownership per capita consistently have more death† (Kates and Mauser 661). The researchers focus on the example of the Continental European nations and claim that the homicide rates in these countries are not dependent on the fact of the gun ownership that is why it is impossible to accentuate the parallels between the gun ownership policies and rates of homicides and suicides (Kates and Mauser 661). Thus, the authors pay attention to the fact that the controlled gun ownership as the ultimate solution to diminish the guns’ misuse remains a debatable issue. Moreover, the absence of the access to handguns cannot be discussed as the effective measure to prevent criminals from committing violent crimes. Nevertheless, it is necessary to look at the problem from the other perspective. The lack of the government’s actions to restrict the gun ownership and provide the definite control can contribute to the increase of the homicides’ rates in the future. The absence of the actions toward the problem’s resolving affects the situation in the society negatively. It is important to guarantee that the persons at risk are in the list of those ones banned from holding the licensed guns. The problem is in the fact that carrying a gun does not necessarily mean that a person will use it for self protection only as it is initially intended by the licensors or the gun owner. Moreover, losing control due to the circumstantial confrontations, persons may use their handguns to kill the others because of the impossibility to resist the emotions. Violent attacks are causes for many homicides with the help of handguns among children and the family members. The situati on can be resolved only with references to implementing the definite laws that is why the gun control can be realized successfully only at the government level. The United States government can impose controls on gun manufacturers and licensing organizations, indicating the procedures to be followed when providing guns to the public. Controlling guns policies mean that only definite people are able to have the access and own a handgun. Conclusion Definite restricted policies and strict gun control are necessary for the US society to regulate the problematic situation and make all possible to prevent the rate of homicides and suicides committed using handguns. Controlling gun ownership policies also mean that only police officers, members of the armed forces, private security guards, and the limited number of the other people can receive the ability to possess handguns legally. It is important to use the complex procedure in order to determine the persons’ suitability to posse ss weapons because of the risks of such a decision. Thus, the absence of the necessary control is the first step to increasing the rate of homicides because of the violent attacks. Furthermore, it is important to focus on the correlation between the gun ownership and rates of suicides. Moreover, the tragic events involving children at school are also the results of the extended availability of handguns. Thus, the gun ownership is among those reasons which are discussed in relation to the US homicide and suicide rates. In order to reduce the probable causes of such deaths, it is necessary to develop and implement the policies and laws which control or restrict the gun ownership in the USA. Kates, Don, and Gary Mauser. â€Å"Would Banning Firearms Reduce Murder and Suicide? A Review of International and Domestic Evidence†. Harvard Journal of Law Public Policy 30.2 (2007): 649-694. Print. Lawrence, Regina, and Thomas Birkland. â€Å"Guns, Hollywood, and School Safety: Definin g the School-Shooting Problem Across Public Arenas†. Social Science Quarterly 85.5 (2004): 1193-1207. Print. Stell, Lance. â€Å"The Production of Criminal Violence in America: Is Strict Gun Control the Solution?† Journal of Law, Medicine Ethics 32.1 (2004): 38-46. Print. Vittes, Katherine, and Susan Sorenson. â€Å"Keeping Guns Out of the Hands of Abusers: Handgun Purchases and Restraining Orders†. American Journal of Public Health 98.5 (2008): 828-831. Print.

How to Deliver Bad News in Business Writing

How to Deliver Bad News in Business Writing Inevitably, we all have to deliver bad news in business writing. A large global heathcare company CEO sent a memo to his U.S. employees, announcing an imminent layoff. However, instead of being truthful, he dodged the issue by using at least 12 different euphemisms for the company's recent planned job cuts and layoffs. He never actually used the words "jobs" or "layoffs." This was a mistake. When delivering bad news, there are a number of techniques one can use, but they all contain two key elements to succeed: truth and sincerity. When we dodge the truth, and obfuscate meaning, our readers become more alienated and angry. They feel dismissed, unheard, unvalued. They will mistrust the entire message, and the writer. The CEO should not be apologetic for reducing the workforce. We should never apologize for a good business decision. However, he hid behind jargon cliches instead of buffering appropriately, engaging his audience, and providing complete content. At one point he describes layoffs as an "opportunity": "... the opportunity for employees in the aforementioned select areas to proactively "hand raise" and be considered for separation." Other poorly dodged phrases included: "reducing our expense base" "manage our expense base" "vacancy management" "restructure" "removing more open positions" "necessary actions" "we cannot promise the avoidance of such activities" "restructuring exercise" "affected employees" "the people who are directly affected" "the need for us to change our underlying operations" (You can read the full memo here.) How to Deliver Bad News in Business Writing If your news will cause your reader to emotionally disconnect from your message, before he or she reads fully, you should buffer your message. If the news is not significant, you can use a direct approach: To help readers accept your decision when using the direct plan, present a brief rationale along with the bad news in the first paragraph:NOT:The annual company Holiday Party originally scheduled for December 20 at the Boston Aquarium has been canceled.BUT:Because the current renovations at the Boston Aquarium may present safety hazards to our employees and their families, the Holiday Party scheduled for December 20 has been canceled. If leading with the negative news might be too harsh and emphatic, and your decision might sound unreasonable until the reader has heard the rationale, buffer the bad news indirectly by beginning with a neutral and relevant statement. Scenario: an important customer has asked your company to provide an in-house demonstration of your product, but this is against your policy. Agreement: We both recognize the promotional possibilities that often accompany a big anniversary sale such as yours. Appreciation: Thanks for letting us know of your success in selling ABC appliances. (Stop here - don't thank them for asking you to do something you're going to refuse or you'll sound insincere) Compliment: Congratulations on the growth of your stores and for your leadership in the Boston market for ten years. When you need to deliver bad news in business writing, use statements that are truthful and sincere.

Qualitative methods assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Qualitative methods assignment - Essay Example Findings presented or conceptualised in a way that offers new insights/alternative ways of thinking Discussion of limitations of evidence and what remains unknown/unclear or what further information/research is needed The authors has exhibit a deeper knowledge and understanding on the topic that they are studying with. They were able to mapped out evidences and supported by literatures of previous studies and theories. The main goal of the study is to have a clear comparison between the content and the quantity competitive and organizational stressors in elite athletes. The limit of the discussions was clearly stated that the validated statements shall focus on the stress relating to sports, personal and other matters were not considered. FINDINGS a) Appraisal Questions b) Quality indicators (possible features for consideration) c) Notes on study being appraised 3 How well does the evaluation address its original aims and purpose Clear statement of study aims and objectives; reasons for any changes in objectives Findings clearly linked to the purposes of the study - and to the initiative or policy being studied Summary or conclusions directed towards aims of study Discussion of limitations of study in meeting aims (e.g. are there limitations because of restricted access to study settings or participants, gaps in the sample coverage, missed or unresolved areas of questioning; incomplete analysis; time constraints) The aims of the study were consistent and there were no reasons to alter it at the end. Findings were clearly based on the aims of the study and it clearly nailed down the very core purpose of the study. The concluding statements were clearly cited from the introduction, where aims and purpose... Furthermore, the strong statements in the results were based from previous studies and related literature, which was the cornerstone in their superb conclusions. Although evidence were not fully utilized and presented, the literatures made it credible. Credible/clear discussion of how findings have contributed to knowledge and understanding (e.g. of the policy, programme or theory being reviewed); might be applied to new policy developments, practice or theory The authors has exhibit a deeper knowledge and understanding on the topic that they are studying with. They were able to mapped out evidences and supported by literatures of previous studies and theories. Discussion of limitations of study in meeting aims (e.g. are there limitations because of restricted access to study settings or participants, gaps in the sample coverage, missed or unresolved areas of questioning; incomplete analysis; time constraints) The aims of the study were consistent and there were no reasons to alter it at the end. Findings were clearly based on the aims of the study and it clearly nailed down the very core purpose of the study. The concluding statements were clearly cited from the introduction, where aims and purpose of the study was introduced. Thus, the questions and uncertainties on the preliminaries were clearly answered and re-stated in the conclusions. The samples were taken from