Psychopathy free essay sample

Criminal psychopathy can be both repulsive and fascinating, as illustrated by the vast number of books and movies inspired by this topic. Offenders diagnosed with psychopathy pose a significant threat to society, because they are more likely to harm other individuals and to do so again after being released. A brain imaging study in the Netherlands shows individuals with psychopathy have reduced empathy while witnessing the pains of others. When asked to empathize, however, they can activate their empathy. This could explain why psychopathic individuals can be callous and socially cunning at the same time. Why are psychopathic individuals more likely to hurt others? Individuals with psychopathy characteristically demonstrate reduced empathy with the feelings of others, which may explain why it is easier for them to hurt other people. However, what causes this lack of empathy is poorly understood. Scientific studies on psychopathic subjects are notoriously hard to conduct. Convicted criminals with a diagnosis of psychopathy are confined to high-security forensic institutions in which state-of-the-art technology to study their brain, like magnetic resonance imaging, is usually unavailable, explains Professor Christian Keysers, Head of the Social Brain Lab in Amsterdam, and senior author of a study on psychopathy appearing in the Journal Brain this week. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychopathy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Bringing them to scientific research centres, on the other hand, requires the kind of high-security transportation that most Judicial systems are unwilling to finance. The Dutch Judicial system, however, seems to be an exception. They Joined forces with academia to promote a better understanding of psychopathy. As a result, criminals with psychopathy were transported to the Social Brain Lab of the University Medical Center in Groningen The Netherlands). There, the team could use state of the art high-field functional magnetic resonance imaging to peak into the brain of criminals with psychopathy while they view the emotions of others. The study, which will appear on the 25th of July in the Journal Brain (published by Oxford University Press) and is entitled Reduced spontaneous but relatively normal deliberate vicarious representations in psychopathy, included 18 individuals with psychopathy and a control group, and consisted of three parts. All participants first watched short movie clips of two eople interacting with each other, zoomed in on their hands. The movie clips showed one hand touching the other in a loving, a painful, a socially rejecting or a neutral way. At this stage, we asked them to look at these movies Just as they would watch one of their favourite films, Harma Meffert, the first author of the paper, explains. Meffert was a graduate student in the Social Brain Lab while the study was conducted, and is now a post-doctoral fellow at the National Institutes of Mental Health in Bethesda. Next, the participants watched the same clips again. This time, owever, the researchers prompted them explicitly to empathise with one of the actors in the movie, that is, they were requested to really try to feel what the actors in the movie were feeling. In the third and final part, we performed similar hand interactions with the participants themselves, while they were lying in the scanner, having their brain activity measured, adds Meffert. We wanted to know to what extent they would activate the same brain regions while they were watching the hand interactions in the movies, as they would hand interactions themselves. when they were experiencing these same

Guns Should Be Controlled or Restricted in the USA

Guns Should Be Controlled or Restricted in the USA Introduction Some Americans are inclined to accentuate their freedom provided in the democratic society with references to different aspects of the social life and legal policies. The possibility to have handguns to use them for protecting the property or life is also discussed in the context of stating the human rights and freedoms. However, the problem is in the fact that the real consequences of having handguns are in providing the threats for the other people but not in protecting themselves.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Guns Should Be Controlled or Restricted in the USA specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Gun assaults are typical for the American society, and they emphasize the controversial character of the question associated with appropriateness of providing the public with the open access to handguns. Today, many sociologists and politicians insist on developing the restricting laws for guns’ ownership or on the absolute control of the process. Guns should be controlled or restricted in the country with references to the legal policies and laws because guns’ ownership is directly connected with the high rate of homicides in the USA, the availability of handguns affects the increase of suicide rates, provokes the growth of the children’s violence and intimate partner violence, and affects the increase of the violent attacks, using guns. Homicides and Strict Gun Control It is impossible not to pay attention to the fact that the rate of homicides in the USA is rather high. The problem is in fact that the causes of the phenomenon are not only in increasing the atmosphere of violence in the society but also in the availability of the methods to realize the violent intentions. From this point, gun ownership can be discussed as one of the most provocative aspects associated with the criminal situation in the country. According to Stell, â€Å"gun assaults are 5- 7 times more likely to result in death than non-guns assaults †¦ 70% of American homicides are committed with guns†, and moreover, â€Å"other countries with assault rates similar to America’s but with lower gun prevalence and with a commensurately lower percentage of homicide committed with guns enjoy homicide rates 50%+ lower than America† (Stell 38). It is possible to speak about the direct correlation between the availability of handguns and their usage as the means to kill the other person. The fact that 70% of homicides in the country are committed with guns can have the inverse dependence, and it is possible to affect the rate of homicides with controlling the access to handguns and their usage. Thus, Stell states that â€Å"reducing the percentage of homicides committed with guns is the key to reducing America’s homicide rate† (Stell 39). That is why, the only way to reduce the rate of homicides is the provision of the restricted laws a nd policies to control the usage of handguns by the population. From this point, â€Å"carefully-crafted, well-enforced firearms control policies can contribute to marginal reductions in criminal violence† (Stell 38).Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, the rate of homicides depends on the fact of the spread gun ownership among the US population, and to affect the negative tendencies in increasing the rate of homicides, it is necessary to focus on the restricted laws with the help of which it is possible to control who uses the gun and for what purposes. The following figure demonstrates the correlation between the number of victims and the weapon used to murder. Thus, handguns are used more often than any other type of weapon in the USA. Figure 1: Homicide by Weapon Type, 1976-2000 (Stell 43). Dependence of the Suicide Rate on the Gun Ownership The rate of suicides in the USA is also based on the fact of availability of handguns, and the problem can be solved with references to the gun control policies and laws. Stell claims that â€Å"more than 30,000 Americans commit suicide each year, putting suicide in the top ten causes of death. Guns’ â€Å"market share† in suicide is 50% not as large as their market share in homicide†¦but the body count is nearly twice as high† (Stell 39). It is rather difficult to determine from this perspective it is necessary to refer to the problem of committing suicide, and there is the question whether it is possible to control the rate of suicides with the help of restrictions in relation to gun ownership. However, the correlation between gun ownership and committing suicides with the help of handguns exists, and people should pay attention to this fact. Thus, it is possible to expect that, restricting the gun ownership, the governors will contribute to the decrease of the suicide rate in the USA. Suicides can be discussed as the reflections of the social situation in the country, but the suicides committed with using the handguns are also the reflections of the inappropriate laws operating in the country which allow people the minimally controlled access to the firearms.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Guns Should Be Controlled or Restricted in the USA specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Children’s Violent Actions and the Usage of Handguns The next negative consequence associated with the lack of control in the sphere of regulating the access to handguns is the interdependence between having guns and expressing violence. It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that, realizing the availability of handguns and being affected by the violence in the media, children are inclined to perceive the violent actions as the ordinary situation in the real life. There are man y ways to explain the actions of the children who shoot their classmates and teachers, and the lack of the strict gun control is discussed among the causes for the tragic events. Thus, in their research, Lawrence and Birkland discuss the causes and consequences of the tragic situation at Columbine High School in 1999. The researchers state, â€Å"in April 1999, two students at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado shot and killed 12 students and a teacher before killing themselves† (Lawrence and Birkland 1193). There were a lot of decisions made, and much attention was paid to the influence of the pop culture on children, to the availability of handguns, and to the necessity to develop school programs and security measures (Lawrence and Birkland 1196). The event shocked the public and made the society and politicians concentrate on the problem of gun control and the necessity of the restricted laws which should be stricter than the current regulations. Strict gun contr ol is the policy which is actively discussed by the politicians who take the opposite positions and cannot choose between the necessity to provide the public with the access to handguns as the way to protect themselves and the necessity to provide the strict laws and policies to control the usage of handguns in the society. To resolve the salutation and accentuate the necessity of control and restrictions, the tragic event at Columbine High School in Littleton was used as a trigger to intensify the discussions. According to Lawrence and Birkland, when the tragic event opens a window of â€Å"opportunity for policy making, policy entrepreneurs can easily link a preexisting policy idea with a ‘‘new’’ problem†, and the situation at school in Littleton just provided such a possibility for the supporters of the restrictions to develop discussions and hope for adopting the necessary changes in laws (Lawrence and Birkland 1201). Shootings at schools are the controversial events which make the public rethink the approaches to handgun policies. Nevertheless, the active reactions of the public subside, but the problem remains to be unsolved. Nevertheless, it is necessary to provide the strict gun control and restrict the usage of handguns to guarantee the secure environment for children. Homicides and Violence at Home The public’s violence is the problem of the American society, and it is also correlated with such an issue as the domestic violence. Children suffer from the violent actions of their classmates at school, and many persons suffer from the violent actions of their partners at home. The question becomes more controversial when its discussion is supported by the evidences and statistics related to the rate of the homicides performed with the help of handguns.Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, Vittes and Sorenson state that intimate partner violence results in 1500 deaths in the country and intimate partner assaults â€Å"involving a firearm are 12 times more likely to result in death than those involving other weapons or bodily force†, and moreover, firearms â€Å"are the most common weapon in intimate partner homicides† (Vittes and Sorenson 828). The problem can be discussed from the perspective that, understanding the availability of handguns, people are inclined to forget about the limited situations when it is possible to use the handgun legally. All the problematic situations, conflicts, and discussions cannot result in using handguns as the main argument in the negotiation process. Vittes and Sorenson accentuate the positive impact of restrictions on the considerations of people about the possibility to have and use handguns. Thus, those persons who are under some restraining order are not inclined to buy handguns because they are prohibited to have such an opportunity, â€Å"they may have been aware that they were legally prohibited from doing so; the prohibition is clearly stated on the restraining order itself† (Vittes and Sorenson 830). This example can be discussed as the evidence to support the statement that definite restrictions and laws can become effective methods to change the situation in the society and prevent the active usage of handguns. Today, a lot of people are at risk to experience the threat of being killed with a handgun because of the lack of restricted laws. The US population should be disarmed, and only specific groups of people (e.g. police officers, military officers, and private security guards) should be allowed to carry licensed guns. The Opposite Opinion However, there is also an opinion that restricted laws and policies cannot be discussed as the effective means to control the rate of homicides and suicides in the country, and it is important to pay attention to the other social cause s of the problem instead of developing the strict gun control policies. Thus, Kates and Mauser state that â€Å"if the mantra â€Å"more guns equal more death and fewer guns equal less death† were true, broad based cross-national comparisons should show that nations with higher gun ownership per capita consistently have more death† (Kates and Mauser 661). The researchers focus on the example of the Continental European nations and claim that the homicide rates in these countries are not dependent on the fact of the gun ownership that is why it is impossible to accentuate the parallels between the gun ownership policies and rates of homicides and suicides (Kates and Mauser 661). Thus, the authors pay attention to the fact that the controlled gun ownership as the ultimate solution to diminish the guns’ misuse remains a debatable issue. Moreover, the absence of the access to handguns cannot be discussed as the effective measure to prevent criminals from committing violent crimes. Nevertheless, it is necessary to look at the problem from the other perspective. The lack of the government’s actions to restrict the gun ownership and provide the definite control can contribute to the increase of the homicides’ rates in the future. The absence of the actions toward the problem’s resolving affects the situation in the society negatively. It is important to guarantee that the persons at risk are in the list of those ones banned from holding the licensed guns. The problem is in the fact that carrying a gun does not necessarily mean that a person will use it for self protection only as it is initially intended by the licensors or the gun owner. Moreover, losing control due to the circumstantial confrontations, persons may use their handguns to kill the others because of the impossibility to resist the emotions. Violent attacks are causes for many homicides with the help of handguns among children and the family members. The situati on can be resolved only with references to implementing the definite laws that is why the gun control can be realized successfully only at the government level. The United States government can impose controls on gun manufacturers and licensing organizations, indicating the procedures to be followed when providing guns to the public. Controlling guns policies mean that only definite people are able to have the access and own a handgun. Conclusion Definite restricted policies and strict gun control are necessary for the US society to regulate the problematic situation and make all possible to prevent the rate of homicides and suicides committed using handguns. Controlling gun ownership policies also mean that only police officers, members of the armed forces, private security guards, and the limited number of the other people can receive the ability to possess handguns legally. It is important to use the complex procedure in order to determine the persons’ suitability to posse ss weapons because of the risks of such a decision. Thus, the absence of the necessary control is the first step to increasing the rate of homicides because of the violent attacks. Furthermore, it is important to focus on the correlation between the gun ownership and rates of suicides. Moreover, the tragic events involving children at school are also the results of the extended availability of handguns. Thus, the gun ownership is among those reasons which are discussed in relation to the US homicide and suicide rates. In order to reduce the probable causes of such deaths, it is necessary to develop and implement the policies and laws which control or restrict the gun ownership in the USA. Kates, Don, and Gary Mauser. â€Å"Would Banning Firearms Reduce Murder and Suicide? A Review of International and Domestic Evidence†. Harvard Journal of Law Public Policy 30.2 (2007): 649-694. Print. Lawrence, Regina, and Thomas Birkland. â€Å"Guns, Hollywood, and School Safety: Definin g the School-Shooting Problem Across Public Arenas†. Social Science Quarterly 85.5 (2004): 1193-1207. Print. Stell, Lance. â€Å"The Production of Criminal Violence in America: Is Strict Gun Control the Solution?† Journal of Law, Medicine Ethics 32.1 (2004): 38-46. Print. Vittes, Katherine, and Susan Sorenson. â€Å"Keeping Guns Out of the Hands of Abusers: Handgun Purchases and Restraining Orders†. American Journal of Public Health 98.5 (2008): 828-831. Print.

How to Deliver Bad News in Business Writing

How to Deliver Bad News in Business Writing Inevitably, we all have to deliver bad news in business writing. A large global heathcare company CEO sent a memo to his U.S. employees, announcing an imminent layoff. However, instead of being truthful, he dodged the issue by using at least 12 different euphemisms for the company's recent planned job cuts and layoffs. He never actually used the words "jobs" or "layoffs." This was a mistake. When delivering bad news, there are a number of techniques one can use, but they all contain two key elements to succeed: truth and sincerity. When we dodge the truth, and obfuscate meaning, our readers become more alienated and angry. They feel dismissed, unheard, unvalued. They will mistrust the entire message, and the writer. The CEO should not be apologetic for reducing the workforce. We should never apologize for a good business decision. However, he hid behind jargon cliches instead of buffering appropriately, engaging his audience, and providing complete content. At one point he describes layoffs as an "opportunity": "... the opportunity for employees in the aforementioned select areas to proactively "hand raise" and be considered for separation." Other poorly dodged phrases included: "reducing our expense base" "manage our expense base" "vacancy management" "restructure" "removing more open positions" "necessary actions" "we cannot promise the avoidance of such activities" "restructuring exercise" "affected employees" "the people who are directly affected" "the need for us to change our underlying operations" (You can read the full memo here.) How to Deliver Bad News in Business Writing If your news will cause your reader to emotionally disconnect from your message, before he or she reads fully, you should buffer your message. If the news is not significant, you can use a direct approach: To help readers accept your decision when using the direct plan, present a brief rationale along with the bad news in the first paragraph:NOT:The annual company Holiday Party originally scheduled for December 20 at the Boston Aquarium has been canceled.BUT:Because the current renovations at the Boston Aquarium may present safety hazards to our employees and their families, the Holiday Party scheduled for December 20 has been canceled. If leading with the negative news might be too harsh and emphatic, and your decision might sound unreasonable until the reader has heard the rationale, buffer the bad news indirectly by beginning with a neutral and relevant statement. Scenario: an important customer has asked your company to provide an in-house demonstration of your product, but this is against your policy. Agreement: We both recognize the promotional possibilities that often accompany a big anniversary sale such as yours. Appreciation: Thanks for letting us know of your success in selling ABC appliances. (Stop here - don't thank them for asking you to do something you're going to refuse or you'll sound insincere) Compliment: Congratulations on the growth of your stores and for your leadership in the Boston market for ten years. When you need to deliver bad news in business writing, use statements that are truthful and sincere.

Qualitative methods assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Qualitative methods assignment - Essay Example Findings presented or conceptualised in a way that offers new insights/alternative ways of thinking Discussion of limitations of evidence and what remains unknown/unclear or what further information/research is needed The authors has exhibit a deeper knowledge and understanding on the topic that they are studying with. They were able to mapped out evidences and supported by literatures of previous studies and theories. The main goal of the study is to have a clear comparison between the content and the quantity competitive and organizational stressors in elite athletes. The limit of the discussions was clearly stated that the validated statements shall focus on the stress relating to sports, personal and other matters were not considered. FINDINGS a) Appraisal Questions b) Quality indicators (possible features for consideration) c) Notes on study being appraised 3 How well does the evaluation address its original aims and purpose Clear statement of study aims and objectives; reasons for any changes in objectives Findings clearly linked to the purposes of the study - and to the initiative or policy being studied Summary or conclusions directed towards aims of study Discussion of limitations of study in meeting aims (e.g. are there limitations because of restricted access to study settings or participants, gaps in the sample coverage, missed or unresolved areas of questioning; incomplete analysis; time constraints) The aims of the study were consistent and there were no reasons to alter it at the end. Findings were clearly based on the aims of the study and it clearly nailed down the very core purpose of the study. The concluding statements were clearly cited from the introduction, where aims and purpose... Furthermore, the strong statements in the results were based from previous studies and related literature, which was the cornerstone in their superb conclusions. Although evidence were not fully utilized and presented, the literatures made it credible. Credible/clear discussion of how findings have contributed to knowledge and understanding (e.g. of the policy, programme or theory being reviewed); might be applied to new policy developments, practice or theory The authors has exhibit a deeper knowledge and understanding on the topic that they are studying with. They were able to mapped out evidences and supported by literatures of previous studies and theories. Discussion of limitations of study in meeting aims (e.g. are there limitations because of restricted access to study settings or participants, gaps in the sample coverage, missed or unresolved areas of questioning; incomplete analysis; time constraints) The aims of the study were consistent and there were no reasons to alter it at the end. Findings were clearly based on the aims of the study and it clearly nailed down the very core purpose of the study. The concluding statements were clearly cited from the introduction, where aims and purpose of the study was introduced. Thus, the questions and uncertainties on the preliminaries were clearly answered and re-stated in the conclusions. The samples were taken from

Epicurus' and Epictetus' Teachings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Epicurus' and Epictetus' Teachings - Essay Example Epicurus, whose teachings are related to the philosophy of hedonism, saw pleasure as the primary goal in every human’s life. He taught that happiness can only be achieved by means of pleasure. The concept of pleasure is also related to the notion of psychic tranquility, which he calls ataraxia. Ataraxia refers to inner peace of a human being and his being free from fear. Moreover, pleasure is also explained as the â€Å"absence of pain†. Just as Epicurus distinguishes between active and passive pleasure, he defines the former as an active process aimed at satisfying people’s desires, and the latter as the absence of pain, the perfect pleasure. Similarly to Epicurus, Epictetus, who belonged to Stoics, developed his view of happiness and what can make humans happy. However, his views are different from Epicurus’ because he assumes that a person can achieve happiness only if he/she desires something which he/she is capable of achieving. Otherwise, this person will be unhappy. Hence, unlike Epicurus, Epictetus believes that controlling desires by means of self-discipline is the way to avoid unhappiness. Furthermore, Epicurus expressed the view that human beings did not need to be fearful of gods since gods do not interfere in human fates and lives. Unlike Epicurus, the representative of Stoics Epictetus believes that it is god that has control of everything. Hence, human beings are â€Å"fragments of god†. ... Broadly speaking, both say that people possess control of their own happiness. Next, both philosophers agree that god exists. However, they disagree about the way god influences people’s lives. Epicurus thinks that god never interferes in people’s fates and lives, while Epictetus believes that every human life is subject to god’s control. Epicurus also believes that people’s body is made of atoms and Epictetus believes that people’s body is part of god’s. Also, the philosophers explain fear of death in a different way. While Epicurus expresses the opinion that we should not fear death since human beings lose sensation at the time of dying (this happens due to atoms dispersal), Epictetus thinks that we just need to change our perception of death and views on it, which will liberate us from fearing death. As for me, Epictetus’ views are more superior since they reject self-indulgence and focus on a personality development. Epicurus views , it seems, lead to moral degradation of people since they risk turning into beasts preoccupied with desires and efforts to satisfy them. 2. Which of Epictetus’ rules do you find most appealing? Why? Which of Epictetus’s rules do you find most distasteful? Why? As I go over the rules of Epictetus, I find all of them appealing. Importantly, these ideas have much in common with what is thought the highest virtues in Christianity. It appears that he even advised not to engage in sexual relationship before marriage, which seems unbelievable if one imagines that society and men’s opportunities. I am literally impressed by how close to my views on life, Epictetus’ rules are. For instance, Epictetus advises not to judge

Health care challenges Essay Example for Free

Health care challenges Essay Our country is set to face a new way of managing health which could potentially change the environment on how nurses deliver care. As our nation prepares for the implementation of Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, nursing as a healing profession has to be open to what the future of health management holds. The goal is to have all registered nurses reach a high level of understanding and acquire tools necessary to provide the best possible way at a low cost. It is both moral and professional obligation of our leaders to ensure that highly competent and well trained nurses are available throughout this transition. To achieve this goal, nurse educators are the key players to train both novice and seasoned nurses to the change based on the new policies and evidence-based research. However, our Nurse Educators are overwhelmed with their current workload hence causing faculty shortage in the country. A recent study published on 2011 aimed to explore the relation of nursing faculty shortage to their workload, determine if there are evidences that the faculty workload is not equitable and the implication/effect to the nursing research and nursing academic. According to this study, there are multiple factors that influence the nursing faculty shortage such as lack of interest from the nurses to try academic careers, time spends to clinical practice defers pursuance into academic positions, low salaries, high educational costs, nursing education dissatisfaction and most importantly low institutional funding for additional nurse educator positions. Nancy Falk stated in her article that â€Å"despite current critical shortage and growing demand for nurses and nurse educators, federal funding falls far short of addressing these healthcare workforce challenges. Workforce projections suggest that the US will face a shortage of 285,000 nurses by 2015 and 500, 000 by 2025.† (Mason, Leavitt Chaffee, 2012, p 58). Also, American Association Colleges of Nursing reported on 2011-2012, that nursing schools turned away 75,587 applicants who are qualified for baccalaureate and graduate nursing programs because of inadequate nursing faculty including clinical preceptors. These challenges ultimately impact the future of patient care if not addressed. Faculty leaders must work in partnership to create a strategy that will help prevent further faculty shortage by focusing on balanced faculty workload to avoid burnout. This article emphasized on the continuous support by government officials especially adequate funding to nursing education. AACN is allocating its resources to protect federal funding for academic development programs, identify strategies to prevent nursing educator shortage. Additional solution is to create a mentorship program for nurse faculty. This strategy was confirmed by various literature and studies to promote nursing faculty recruitment and retention. Mentorship brings encouragement and direction to clinical educators who are new to the role and prevent burnout. Health care system will be lost without nurses in our society. Statistic shows that there are currently 2.9 million nurses in the United States but nurses with special skills such as in education is extremely needed. Nurse Educators, in some ways, affect the lives of everyone. It is through this role where highly competent, compassionate healers such as nurses are produced. â€Å"The future of the nursing profession depends on a steady supply of nurses to provide the quality care to patients† (Cowen Moorhead, 2011, p. 60)

Discovery of the Structure of DNA Essay -- History Historical Science

Discovery of the Structure of DNA On the last day of February in 1953, according to James Watson, Francis Crick announced to the patrons of the Eagle Pub in Cambridge, â€Å"We have discovered the secret of life† (Watson 115, 1980). As Brian Hayes, the author of â€Å"The Invention of the Genetic Code† states, â€Å"If life ever had a secret, the double helix of DNA was surely it† (1). However, it was not the work of these two men alone that led to the discovery of the power the lies within the double helix, but rather the work of many scientists that was carefully picked apart and pieced together by the two who received the most fame for the work. Scientists’ knowledge of DNA was reported as early as 1868, when the Swiss physician Fritz Miescher discovered its presence in the nuclei of cells (Frank-Kamenetskii 10, 1997). Until the study of the structure of DNA led to the discovery of its function, proteins were primarily thought to be the carriers of genetic material. Although the chemical composition of DNA was Francis Crick known and understood, scientists were unable to make conclusions about its function (Patterson 17, 1999). In 1958, Crick presented his scientific paper, â€Å"On Protein Synthesis† at the Society for Experimental Biology. Within his text he states, â€Å"It is an essential feature of my argument that in biology proteins are uniquely important . . . their nearest rivals are the nucleic acids. Watson said to me, a few years ago, ‘The most significant thing about nucleic acids is that we don’t know what they do.’ By contrast, the most significant thing about proteins i s that they can do almost anything† (Carlson 236, 1989). Watson’s statement led the pair to further investigate the mystery of life by delving through ot... ...801.html, 25 March 2001 - â€Å"James Watson.† [Online] Available http://www.anthro.mankato.msus.edu/information/biography/uvwxyz/watson_james.html - â€Å"Lecture 2 – What is Science and How Do Scientists do it?† [Online] Available http://fig.cox.miami.edu/Faculty/Tom/bil101/lec2.html, 25 March 2001. - Leone, Francis. Genetics: The Mystery and The Promise. Blue Ridge Summit: TAB Books, 1992. - Patterson, Colin. Evolution. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1999. - â€Å"Rosalind Franklin.† [Online] Available http://www.anthro.mankato.msus.edu/information/biography/fghjj/franklin_roaslind.html 25 March 2001 - Watson, James and Francis Crick. â€Å"A structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid.† Nature. 2 April 1953: 737. - Watson, James D. The Double Helix. New York: Norton Critical Editions in the History of Ideas, 1980.

American involvement

Stephen Condense, who Egan his career as a composer and lyricist in 1954 (Condense 51 is the greatest composer of the 20th century. His influence on his peers and popular culture separate him from his contemporaries and distinguish him as the preeminent American composer of his time. Condense began his career under the tutelage of Oscar Hammerings Ill, father of American musical theatre (PBS). Although originally only a lyricist (providing the lyrics for the songs Hammerings wrote), Condense was encouraged to try his hand at musical composition as well (Swain 641).Shoeshine's big break, however, came in 957 when he teamed up with Jerome Robbins, Arthur Laurent and Leonard Bernstein to provide lyrics for West Side Story. Running nearly 800 performances In its original run, West Side Story was a bona fide hit and immediately thrust Condense to the front of the American stage (Condense 7). Over the course of the next 50 years, Condense would compose music and write lyrics for over 20 sh ows, including Gypsy, Sunday in the Park with George and Into the Woods.In that time, he's won more Tony awards than any other Broadway composer (Theatre Wing), received a Pulitzer Prize for Sunday in the Park with George, was honored with the Kennedy Center's Lifetime Achievement Award and even an Oscar for Best Song (NP). However, It Is not Shoeshine's accolades that distinguish him from his peers. Rather, it Is the enduring legacy of his work (in the theatre and In popular culture) and the complexity and musicality of his work that mark Condense as the greatest American composer of the 20th century.In order for a composer to be considered important, his or her legacy must extend beyond the musical world. The 20th century saw many important musical figures, but none have had the wide-reaching cultural Influence that Stephen Condense has. HIS music and personality have Influenced television and movies In a way no other modern Broadway composer's have. Shoeshine's music is often fea tured on television shows and in movies, even when they may seem out of place. So far is his cultural reach that his name is synonymous with musical theatre, even for the uninitiated.For example, several of Shoeshine's songs have been used on Fox's show Glee. Telling the story off suburban Ohio high school's show choir, Glee has made Its name taking songs and creating â€Å"mash-ups† the shows latest season was the mishap of â€Å"l Feel Pretty' (from Shoeshine's West Side Story) and Talc's â€Å"Unprinted. † In fact, Glee utilized at least two other Condense songs as well (Entertainment Weekly). Glee is not the only television program to make use of Shoeshine's work.The hit BBC television show Desperate Housewives has used a Condense song title or lyric as the episode title for every episode in its seven seasons (BBC). Several songs have even been included in episodes (NP). Will Farrell sang the popular song â€Å"Send in the Clowns† from A Little Night Musicà ¢â‚¬  when he appeared as a guest on David Letterman. The Fox animated show The Simpson, long considered arbiters of pop ultra relevance (Entertainment Weekly) also â€Å"Send in the Clowns† from A Little Night Music when Crusty the Clown's show gets cancelled (Fox).Crusty, sitting on a stage by himself, sings the song as huge lights spell out his name behind him, a reference to the eleven o'clock number â€Å"Rose's Turn† in another Condense musical Gypsy. Shoeshine's music remains relevant not only on television, but on the stage as well. There are currently over 300 productions of Shoeshine's musicals being performed throughout the country (Review). In the past five years, six of his shows have been performed on Broadway (ASS). One, Company was recently performed at Lincoln Center with an all-star cast including Neil Patrick Harris and Stephen Collect (Holder).The event was so popular that the production is going to be shown in theatres in June (Philharmonic). Shoe shine's continuing importance in popular culture is one of the primary reasons he is the most important and influential composer of the last century. Though many other composers such as Irving Berlin and Leonard Bernstein received the same level of critical success, none has enjoyed the career longevity that Condense has. Neither Berlin nor Bernstein has written songs that eve achieved the same level of pop culture relevance that Condense has.Although Cole Porter may have achieved a similar level of success in the sass (ASS), the fact that his songs are no longer as recognizable as Shoeshine's indicate that Shoeshine's are more important to American culture in the last century. However, in order for a Broadway composer to truly be considered â€Å"great,† they must do more than provide humbled tunes. They must also provide music that holds merit outside of the context of the musical they're presented in; Shoeshine's songs do Just that. His music is far more complex and origin al than that of his interpolates, further separating him from the pack.One of the hallmarks of Shoeshine's music is the use of dissonance (Condense 37). Dissonance, the use of chords that don't sound â€Å"right† was, until Condense began experimenting with it, almost unheard of in musical theatre (PBS). It has, however, been used in musical composition for centuries (NP). Shoeshine's use of dissonance illustrated how complex his compositions are; while many composers strive for melodies that are pleasant to the ear, Condense uses composition to further storyline and provide insight into the mood of the scene the music is used in.For example, in the song â€Å"Take a Look, Lee† from Assassins, Condense uses dissonance to create tension leading up to the assassination of John F. Kennedy. While other composers (particularly Cole Porter and Irving Berlin) used music as a break from the action of a show, Condense uses it to further action (Condense 46). And create complexi ty. In Sweeney Todd, Toby, an orphaned adopted by the title murderer and his mistress Mrs†¦ Love suspects Toddy's murderous ways and sings â€Å"Not While I'm Around† to Mrs†¦ Love. The song is sweet and often considered one of Shoeshine's best â€Å"love songs† (Condense 152).However, when the song is later sung y Mrs†¦ Love who is looking to capture and kill Toby, the shift in key creates a far more ominous tone. Here, the same song with the same melody has a very different meaning and mood, thanks to Shoeshine's arrangement. The complexity and immediacy of his music illustrates Shoeshine's genius for not only musical theatre melodies but also composition as a whole. While other composers may have been as prolific as Condense, none can match his sophistication and complexity. Condense does not create songs that can work in any musical like Porter or Berlin did (Condense 7).Rather, each musical is closer to an opera with each song building pony and infl uencing the next (Condense 8). It is this level of complexity that marks him as the best composer of his generation. Shoeshine's work is also far more realistic than that of his contemporaries. Even when writing about mythological or fantastic elements, he manages to make his characters real; Shoeshine's characters never become caricatures. They are fully formed individuals who act like real people would act in the situations they're placed in. Condense argues that characters should.

Classroom Management Plan Essay

I will provide the right environment for all students to learn. I will generate energy, ideas and opportunities to foster student achievement. I will motivate learners to high academic achievement. I will care for, love and understand my students. I will center my decision making about curriculum around my students. I will never feel that I cannot better myself as a teacher. My Philosophical Beliefs About Teaching In evaluating my philosophy for my future teaching career, I have been very seriously considering my values and beliefs about discipline, my own management style and the social goals for my students. As organization is one of my top priorities as a student, I will strive to be as organized as possible when I start my career. My goal is to organize the logistics of my classroom so that I can make my classroom student-centered instead of teacher-centered. I value the education process, and young minds and new ideas never cease to intrigue me. I am committed to making my classroom a safe and challenging environment and engaging my students through the curriculum as well as getting to know them and interacting with them one-on-one. I believe that meeting the needs of my students is a very crucial part of my classroom. I want them to be comfortable with the other students, as well as me, so that there can be meaningful discussions and interactions. Talking will be common place in my classroom, along with group work. I want to encourage all students to participate in class so that they can learn from each other as well as me. I want to have a democratic and equitable classroom so that students can learn. I want to be a fair as I can be, so the students trust me. I feel that I have a very patient and calm attitude with my class. I ask students about their life outside of class and feel that they respond in class even more, knowing that someone is paying attention to them. I want them to feel comfortable asking questions of me. I think my attitude towards the students is not overbearing or authoritative. I do not believe in forcing the students to do anything. I want to work with them in all circumstances so that we can achieve together and they do not feel like I am spoon-feeding them information. I want students to be a part of their learning. I want to motivate students to learn and keep their interest by using engaging curriculum. I want to involve students in rules about the classroom as well as what curriculum they would like to study. I believe if students feel they are involved in the workings of the classroom, they will be more motivated to engage in the class and in turn, learn. In order to be as organized as possible, the structure of my classroom will be variable, allowing me to change parts of my plan from year to year. I realize that this management plan is a work in progress and what I value now as important points to address in my first management plan may eventually come easily to me with experience and other issues of management may require more attention than those I have addressed. In order for my classroom management plan to be effective it needs to align with my beliefs and values. Therefore, I have chosen the theories and practices that reflect my personal teaching style. There are numerous beliefs and practices that serve as the foundation on which I am building my classroom management plan. I believe that the teacher and students should work cooperatively together in order to create a safe and inviting classroom. Linda Albert’s Cooperative Discipline theory emphasizes that the teacher and students should work together to make class decisions. Albert recommends informing and involving the students’ parents in class decisions as well. This can be accomplished by implementing what Albert refers to as the Three C’s: connections, contributions, and capabilities. I agree with Albert that the classroom should be safe and free of threat for all students. The classroom should be a place that the students feel welcome. If the students are contributing to the class, they will feel as if they are an asset to the class. Finally, I believe that the teacher and students should work together because it is essential to developing a community of learners. I believe in creating a code of conduct cooperatively as a class. This belief coincides with Linda Albert’s Cooperative Discipline as well. A class code of conduct indicates how students are expected to behave instead of how they should not behave. Albert states that the teachers and students should work together to determine consequences for when a student does not follow the class code of conduct. When the students are involved in the determining the consequences, Albert feels the students are more likely to follow them because they are connected to them. I believe that having a class code of conduct in the classroom allows the students to know how they are expected to behave. The students will be more likely to remember what is expected of them because they were involved in creating the expectations. Therefore, the students feel as if the expectations are reasonable and can be met. I like that the teacher is not telling the students how to behave. I feel that students should play an active role in the classroom, and that students are capable of making good decisions. I will be sure to place the code of conduct in a visible spot in the classroom so the students can refer back to it. I believe in using â€Å"I-messages† to communicate my feelings to the students. This practice is introduced by Thomas Gordon in his theory of Discipline through Inner Self-Control. â€Å"I-messages† allow the teacher to share their personal opinion with the students in a non-threatening way. On the other hand, â€Å"you-messages† blame the students for their behavior which causes the students to become defensive. I believe that the teacher should have open communication with students, but in a positive way that creates a safe environment. This method could be taught to the students as well in order to help them solve conflicts. I believe that teachers should encourage their students. William Glasser refers to teachers who provide encouragement to their students as â€Å"lead teachers†. Glasser states that teachers should not try to force information into their students. This makes common sense to me because who likes to be forced to do something. I agree with Glasser that the students’ motivation to learn resides within themselves. It will be my job as a teacher to spark their interest to learn. Therefore, as a teacher I will need to create engaging activities, and be there to provide support to the students as necessary. I believe in creating a sense of community in my classroom. Alfie Kohn mentions that classrooms should be â€Å"learning communities in Beyond Discipline. A classroom should be a place where the students feel cared about and are encouraged to care about others. Eventually, the students will begin to feel connected to one another and see themselves as part of the whole class. I believe that in order for my classroom to be an effective learning environment the students need to feel comfortable. A sense of community will encourage my students to be active participants in class matters. I believe that the teacher should teach â€Å"life skills† to the students so that they can be successful not only in the classroom, but in life as well. Kagan, Kyle, and Scott’s Win-Win Strategies promote the use of â€Å"life skills† in the classroom. They refer to â€Å"life skills† such as self-control, anger management, good judgment, and empathy. These theorists believe that if the students require these skills they will be able to live more successfully. I believe that teachers are responsible for preparing students for life so this theory matches my belief. After my students leave my classroom, I want to see them succeed in life. I am strong believer that one needs to be the change that one wants to see in the world so I will model these â€Å"life skills† for my students. I believe that a teacher should handle behavior problems privately. If the teacher must get involved, Glasser believes that the teacher should do so in way that does not punish the student. I am going to take this one step farther, and say that the teacher should talk to this student in private about his/her behavior. Hopefully, the student and I will be able to determine a longterm solution for the behavior problem. I believe that students should be taught procedures in order to maximize their learning and show them responsibility. The Wong’s Pragmatic Classroom Management Plan supports this belief. Harry and Rosemary Wong state that most students will act responsibly if taught the procedures to do so. They believe students’ achievement is affected by how well the procedures are laid out and taught to them. I agree with Harry and Rosemary Wong that procedures are an important aspect of a classroom. I believe that procedures provide students with a structure that lets them know what is expected of them. This will help cut down on disruptions if the students are not confused about what they are supposed to be doing. Management Plan Goals Having the right environment for all students to learn. The ability to manage children’s behavior. Students will have a complete understanding of the classroom rules. Keep parents involved and â€Å"in the know† of their child and the classroom. Instructional strategies will be taught to the best of my ability. Physical Environment The importance and variety of a properly designed early childhood classroom cannot be over-emphasized when providing a learning environment for children. I will provide in my classroom safe and orderly spaces, filled with a variety of materials that will make the classroom more satisfying for both the teacher and the children. Furthermore, well-designed areas will decrease the number of conflicts that may arise. Quite naturally, any space must accommodate all the activities it will be required to house. Therefore, when making my classroom environment safe and orderly, I must make accommodations to have certain spaces to be multipurpose. It will be very important to make sure these areas, as well as other areas in the classroom, are filled with a variety of materials organized into appropriate activity areas. Clearly defined interest areas will allow young children to work best in small groups where they can learn to relate to other children, establish friendships, and solve problems together. The use of low furniture in these areas will allow me to see into all areas while at the same time giving children a sense of privacy. Use of low furniture also helps define work spaces that help children concentrate because they will not be distracted by other activities taking place in other areas. These different areas will be defined by what activities will be taking place in them. For example, I will have such areas as: dramatic play, art area, building area, science/sensory area, game area, and quiet area. I will also make sure to provide an area where children can relax and be alone with friends. This space will have large pillows, beanbags, and carpet. This so called â€Å"soft area† is very important for young children because it is important to their mental health and it promotes positive behavior because children who spend long hours in a group environment need time to themselves where they can rest. When it comes to supplies and materials in the room, they should be displayed on low shelves where children can reach what they need. This helps promote independence because the children will be responsible in getting materials out and putting them away. When displaying materials on shelves they must be in the area where they will be used. I will place labels and pictures showing where each object belongs. Logical grouping of materials promotes their appropriate use. Labeling the place for each object helps children maintain a clean and orderly environment. When it comes to the teacher’s supplies and materials, I will keep them up and away from the children so that they cannot access them. When the children walk through the door, they will be hit with all different colors coming from the pictures and posters on the walls. I hope to have a room with big windows that allow for natural lighting. The pictures I will have on the wall will be displayed on the children’s eye level, thus children will take better notice. I will also display the work of the children. Displaying their original artwork shows them respect and value for their hard work and effort. One last important thing to me, when it comes to the physical environment of my classroom, is that I will make sure the classroom materials will reflect the cultural richness of our society, the backgrounds and life experiences of the children, and people with different abilities. Children need materials they can relate to through past experiences, before they are asked to learn new concepts. A respect for diversity is important for identity and self-esteem. Behavior Management Many disputes and conflicts can be prevented by careful planning and with positive adult support. There is always a reason behind children’s behavior. Misbehavior is usually directed at achieving one of four goals: revenge, power, attention, and/or feelings of adequacy. I know I can’t force a child to change his or her way of behaving, I can only change the way I behave with the child. My ultimate goal in behavior management and child guidance is not to manage children’s behavior, but to help children manage their own behavior. I am aware that conflict situations provide important learning opportunities for children. Therefore, when it comes to classroom management, I will not deprive the children these opportunities to learn problem-solving skills. My role as a teacher in children’s conflicts is to de-escalate them when the children can no longer work out their problems by themselves. When I communicate with the children in my classroom I will use â€Å"I† statements instead of â€Å"you† statements. I will use gentle body language and make sure that I listen to both sides of the issue. I will try to focus on the present and future of the child’s behavior instead of past behavior. Also, I will focus on the child’s behavior and not the child. Most importantly I will keep in my mind the needs of each child and their best interest when it comes to fixing their misbehavior, and not focus on my best interest. My classroom rules will consist of four basic principles. Those four basic principles will be caring, honesty, respect, and responsibility. I believe any rule thought up by a child can fit into one of these four basic principles. For example, if a child is not keeping their body to themselves, they are not respecting the other child’s space. That is why I will not have a list of rules in my classroom, but rather have these four principles posted in my classroom where every child will see them. Therefore, when a child is not following the rules I will state what they are doing wrong and how it relates to one of the four principles. When it comes to classroom management and discipline, I will not use punishment, but logical consequences. There are two types of logical consequences. They are naturally occurring consequences and imposed consequences. Naturally occurring consequences usually occur when the problem belongs to the individual on whom the consequences fall. For example, Sally leaves her coat out on the playground and when she goes back for it, the coat is gone. I then say to her, I am sorry that it is gone and tell her it is her responsibility to keep track of it. Imposed consequences often occur when a behavior creates a problem for another person who then must impose consequences in order to change the behavior of the individual creating the problem. When I impose logical consequences on the children in my classroom I will try to keep certain things in my mind. Such things as being a consultant in helping the child solve his or her own problem. Keep the burden of the solution on the child and not me while implying that the child is capable of solving his or her own problem. I must also tie the time and/or place of the misbehavior to the consequence. These are just a couple of ways I will try to manage children’s behavior in my classroom. Parent Communication One of the most vital parts of teaching children and managing a classroom is communicating with their families. There is no one right way to communicate with parents, therefore as a teacher, I have to utilize many different methods to communicate with parents to build rapport. One of the first methods I am going to use is a parent board. On the parent board will be pictures of the activities the children have been doing and other information such as the weekly curriculum and things the children have to bring from home to school. I will have the parent board on a table where there will also be a notebook where parents can leave me messages, and where I can leave them messages. I will also have monthly newsletters to the parents that I will set out on the parent table. Another way I will communicate with parents is by having parents come into the classroom and be a classroom helper. I would try to get every parent to come into the classroom at least one time during the school and spend the day with their child or at least a couple hours. This would help me to get to know the parents of the children I teach and this would give me a good chance to build rapport with the parents so that communication will be made easier. Some of the most basic methods I will use to help me communicate with parents are by use of the telephone. I will call parents when need be and make sure that they know they can call me when needed. Finally, the last way I will communicate with parents is by talking to them face to face. Things I know to remember when talking to a parent are to first approach them with a smile or pleasant look and then introduce myself if I have not ever done so in the past. I will always try to start out the conversation with the parent with something positive about their child. If I were communicating with the parent because of a problem their child is having in my class, I would first tell them the issue at hand and then offer some possible solutions. I then would tell them what I want their role to be after I let them talk about what solutions they have. If they need to further talk to me I would offer them other times they can talk to me. I also would give them other possible people to talk to if they feel that they need to. When communicating with a parent I want them to feel that they can ask me questions about their child’s education or other issues they might have. If I can’t answer their questions, I will flat out tell them I don’t know the answer, but I will find out. I also will make sure not to make promises I can’t keep. If need be, I will always make myself available for a teacher-parent conference when scheduled ahead of time Instructional Strategies and Methods When it comes to instructional planning in my classroom I am going to start with the Pennsylvania Academic Standards. The reason I am going to start with the standards is because in the classroom the students are working towards a goal, and those goals should be set higher than the standards. If I do not teach my students to at least the level of the Pennsylvania standards, then I have not set the goals high enough for my instructional planning. If I set goals for my instructional planning, that gives me a start in what direction I need to go in my lesson planning. The second step I am going to take in my instructional planning is assessment. I have to measure the progress of achieving my goals by doing assessments of my students. Two kinds of assessment I will be doing are what you would call summative assessment and diagnostic assessment. The summative assessment will be tests, examinations, final projects, or other things depending on grade level of the students. These types of assessments will tell me if the students are learning the objectives and making progress towards meeting the goals. On the other hand I will use diagnostic forms of assessments when it comes to planning on how far I have to go to get my students to reach the goals or in meeting the standards. I will use diagnostic assessment at the beginning of the school year and before I begin each new unit. The third step in my instructional planning is planning for the long-term. My long-term plan will be as simple as planning my year end academic goals and group those goals into some discrete units to make sure that I cover my long-term academic goals. When it comes to the delivery of my lessons, I am going to keep it as simple as possible. Even though there are many different formats of lesson plans I can use, there is one general way I can make all the different types of lesson plans fit me. Using the following format to teach my lessons will help my students obtain the goals and objectives of my lessons. The format I will use is to first introduce the lesson. Then have an opening to the lesson, which is when I will tell the students what they will learn and why it is important. Next, I introduce the new material and teach it to the students. Afterwards, I allow time for guided practice and then independent practice. These two areas are where I make some informal assessments to check to see if the students learned the objectives. Last, but not least comes the closing. This is where I stress the connection of the lesson and check the students’ understanding by doing some type of assessment, usually a summative form of assessment. Schedules and Routines. When I go to a class, I like to see a schedule of what we are working on for the day. I believe that all students should be given this courtesy of knowing what is going to be happening during the school day by reading a daily schedule of the day’s activities. I will always have the schedule posted at the front of the class, each day updating any changes in the schedule. In addition, I will list the specifics of the day: for instance, what we are working on that day in math. I have seen schedules that list the basic outline of the day: math, language arts, social studies, lunch and science. I would like to take the schedule one step farther and include some details about the day and what will be happening. Not only are daily schedules helpful for students to see what is happening during a given school day, but my daily schedule will allow me to evaluate my the activities in my classroom, assuring that the type and variety of activities are appealing to different types of learning situations. Also, I want to find a good balance between teacher directed instruction, independent work and cooperative group work. Repetitious activities can sometimes impede the school day as it may evoke comments such as â€Å"We’re doing this again? † However, having routines in which students can predict what will happen can ease the transition from the bus, car or the walk to school to the classroom. To be specific, I will have a beginning of the day routine and an end of the day routine, so that I maintain consistency each day and convey the message that in our class, we use all of our time together to learn and we do not like to waste time. For my start of the day routine, I will play music as the students walk in. I will play quiet music that sets the tone for the day: a warm and relaxing learning environment where we are safe and ready to learn. I will have a welcome message posted on the board with a list of housekeeping items to do before we get settled for the day: sharpen pencils, turn in homework, put coats and backpacks away. In addition to this everyday welcome, I will have a list of activities that students can work on from previous days of school, including plenty of options to accommodate those that have finished all of their work. Also, I will greet my students as they enter the classroom, talking to each student as they get settled for their day, ensuring that I get to see each student and have contact with each one first thing in the morning. At the end of the day, I will take the last ten minutes to wrap up the day. I will post an end of the day wrap up list on the overhead for students to use a guide to get ready to go home. I will have mailboxes with the days handouts in them and my students can collect these handouts and place them in their â€Å"take home† folder. Then I will ask groups to get their backpacks and put away all of their materials. I will ask that they clear off their desks and the area on the floor around their desks so that the custodian does not have to clean up after us. As the students line up to go home, I will have my goodbye salutation: a piece of poster paper with four types of goodbyes: a handshake, high five, or smile. The students can pick any combination of these goodbyes when the leave. I want to have this goodbye so that I can be sure to have contact with each of my students before they leave for to go home. In doing this, I want to convey to my students that I care about them and I want to wish them a safe trip home and tell them that I look forward to seeing them tomorrow. By having structured routines for the beginning and end of the day, I will be setting the tone for the school day. For the beginning of the day, I want to imply that we structure our mornings so that we can get off to a good start with our minds and materials ready for the day. At the end of the day, I want to bring the day to a close with daily routine to ensure that my students understand that every part of our school day together is as valuable as any other part. Individualization In order to promote individualization and responsible behavior, I will implement a job chart where students will have jobs throughout the week. I will have paper passers, overhead cleaners, board erasers, recyclers, lunch duty, and line leaders. I will introduce these jobs on the first day of school and assign jobs to random students. Emphasizing the importance of the jobs will enhance the students’ desire to have the job to demonstrate their responsible behavior. I will have a policy stating that any student who cannot demonstrate responsible behavior and reliably complete their job will have to give up their job title and a different student will get their job. I have seen such a job system in another classroom in which I worked and this system was very successful in creating a sense of responsibility among students. Reflection As I complete my management plan, I feel that I am fully prepared to teach tomorrow. However, I know that that is not the case. My management plan will forever be growing and changing. My management plan focuses on the students’ needs in my class. By organizing many structured components of the school, I am attempting to prepare myself for any discipline problems that may occur. I will organize many aspects of my class before the year starts, but I will also sit down with my students during the first weeks of school and have discussions about rules and expectations to determine what they need from me and from each other. While I know that some misbehavior will occur in my classroom, I am instituting this plan to assist me in dealing with these issues as they occur. I believe classroom management is the key that unlocks the ability for children to learn and in creating an environment where children feel safe. I will set high expectations and encourage my students to succeed. Finally, my classroom management will not only be about creating a good rapport with the students, but creating a rich and engaging curriculum. | | | | | | | | | | | | References Albert, Linda, Pete DeSisto, and Linda Albert. (1996) Cooperative Discipline. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service. Web. Guillaume, Andrea M. (2004). K-12 Classroom Teaching: A Primer for New Professionals. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Merrill/Prentice Hall. Print.

Punctuating Sentences with Disguised Subordinate Clauses

Punctuating Sentences with Disguised Subordinate Clauses Punctuating Sentences with Disguised Subordinate Clauses Punctuating Sentences with Disguised Subordinate Clauses By Mark Nichol Usually, a subordinate clause is obvious, as in the case of this one you’re reading right now. Intuitively, you know to separate it from the main clause (in the previous sentence, the first six words) with a comma. But sometimes, as in each of the following sentences, the first word in the subordinate clause may deceive the writer’s eye. Discussion and revision for each example provides clarity. 1. You may submit a file in a different format provided that the content is the same as in the attached template. Writers may be confused into thinking that in this sentence, provided is a verb, but it is a conjunction (meaning â€Å"on the condition†) serving as a bridge between the main clause and the subordinate clause, and it must be preceded by a comma: â€Å"You may submit a file in a different format, provided that the content is the same as in the attached template.† Alternatively, the two clauses can be reversed, although in this version, the context is not as clear: â€Å"Provided that the content is the same as in the attached template, you may submit a file in a different format.† 2. Insurance companies and other financial services are likely to follow suit given similar pressures in their markets from new entrants. Just as in the previous example, a conjunction- in this case, given- is easily confused for a verb. Here, as above, it links a main clause with a subordinate clause, and a comma should precede it: â€Å"Insurance companies and other financial services are likely to follow suit, given similar pressures in their markets from new entrants.† However, in this case, the sentence flows better if the subordinate clause is inserted into the middle of the sentence as a parenthetical: â€Å"Insurance companies and other financial services, given similar pressures in their markets from new entrants, are likely to follow suit.† 3. The coach pursued a star player only to have a deal fall just short. Here, the bridging word (only, here meaning â€Å"with the result that†) is an adverb rather than a conjunction, but the function is similar, and the need for a preceding comma is sustained: â€Å"The coach pursued a star player, only to have a deal fall just short.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Homograph ExamplesDifference between "Pressing" and "Ironing"Artist vs. Artisan

An Experiment on the Results of Having ADHD and No Sleep

An Experiment on the Results of Having ADHD and No Sleep Class we are going to be talking about how climate change and global warming affects us and the world around us. I wonder why my car wouldn’t start this morning maybe a blow fuse, or maybe something much bigger is the problem hmmm. It’s such a nice day out today there is some many things that I can get accomplished today. I hope I locked the door before I left the house, think think think do I remember putting the key in the door to lock it. That’s all for today, class your assignment on what the primary cause as to why the climate change links to global warming will be posted shortly. Dang it what all got said in class, hey guys what all got covered and what do we have to do for the assignment the teacher gave us. This is what Individuals with Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have to deal with constantly battling the thousands of things that run through their mind simultaneously. The mind of an individual with (ADHD) doesn’t rest its constantly running and thinking. They process anything and everything attaining little focus to the sole point unless it is not perceived as anything other than boring. The mind jumps from one central focus that draws the eye to the next that catches their eye â€Å"oooh shiny†. People with this disorder lives are more intense do to the fact of low outside sensory experience, because their five senses are at an all-time high. The nervous system of one with (ADHD) is overwhelmed overworking itself by the life experiences because its intensity is too high. For example, any movement no matter the size is distracting. Another would be the slightest sound presented in the house prevents sleep and becomes overwhelmed to disregard it. Studies show that sleep deprivation impacts an individual negatively with the decline in several motor skills, cognitive functions, amongst several others. In simpler terms sleep deprivation will affect the mind slowing the thought process down. Research measuring sleep deprivation shows sleepiness leads to lower alertness and concentration. This makes things more difficult to focus and pay attention to the tasks that may require more complex thought and reasoning. Sleep deprivation affects the learning process in two ways. Since your mind can not focus it’s very difficult to retain information. It also hinders your memory that is essential to learning. These things lead to hyperactivity which promotes loss of focus, intensity, and memory function to perform well in school. With both the subjects discussed there are two ways you can assess the information stated. In the first scenario (ADHD) causes lack of focus staying awake all night due to the fact individuals are distracted promotes sleep deprivation. The second scenario being sleep deprivation is the prime suspect that leads to why Individuals have (ADHD). This puts us at a stalemate as to which is the primary stressor for lack of focus. What makes the brain break from the central focus to concentrate for the task at hand? With the information provided, research must be administered. To further the answer of what is the real problem control must be found for this study. The objective is to find whether or not they are correlated and feed off each other. To confirm my hypothesis, select individuals will be tested accordingly based on how well they pay attention to directions. Day 1 starts participants will stay in a room with guided direction to take apart a piece of machinery and put it back together from start to finish for 3 hours. 2 weeks from the guided direction the participants will be asked to accomplish this again from start to finish step by step without jumping to steps. There will be 3 groups; group 1 will be the ones who will receive focus stimulating medication before they enter the 3 hour guided test. Group 2 will not be receiving anything they will be the non-controlled group. Group 3 will receive sleeping medication to help them get adequate sleep every night till the study is conducte d again. Expected results are group 1 will be perform the task with ease. Group 2 results will have accomplished the task, but will fail due to they didn’t follow the steps. Group 3 will have performed the same as group 1 besides the fact they are already losing focus, and are taking longer to complete than group 1 due to they have lost interest. Methods Participants Participants will be 200 children. There will be 100 female and 200 male. They will be between the ages of eight and eighteen. They will be split up into 4 groups; therefore each group will have fifty people. Two groups will have fifty males and the other two will have fifty female. One group of males and one group of females will be placed in an extremely boisterous situation having to listen to a lecture, like being in a normal classroom, with having little to no sleep. Materials In four rooms, participants will be set up in a classroom like environment; those 100 patients will have not had any sleep and have shown many signs of ADHD. The participants in the other two rooms will have had a small amount of sleep and have not ever shown any signs of ADHD. Procedure The first group will have to stay awake for 24 hours straight and do schoolwork, the second group will sleep for 8 hours and then get up and do schoolwork. Afterwards, we will look at their brain activity and also, ask them about the information they were supposed to of retained and look at how much of the work they got done that they were supposed to be doing. Design After looking at each persons’ brain activity and looking at what each group was supposed to have gotten done, we will ask them what is going through their mind and how they feel. The expected outcome is that the group with little sleep and who had never had symptoms of ADHD will feel fine and all their thoughts will be gathered. The group with no sleep and many symptoms of ADHD will feel horrible and they will not exactly know what is going through their mind, their thoughts will be scattered. Potential Results Having ADHD and no sleep may be worse than not having ADHD and a little amount of sleep After looking at this experiment, one could believe that having ADHD and no sleep is a lot worse than having sleep and not having ADHD, it almost just seems like common sense. But if one does not know anything about ADHD, one may not know the effects of ADHD. The parents of these students with ADHD should keep track of their children’s sleep, and make sure they get an adequate 8 hours every night, no more and no less. The parents of the children without ADHD should still be keeping an eye on their children and making sure they get enough sleep. All parents should be making sure that their children are well collected and are doing well in school and if there not, they need to find out why because most times in children, it is ADHD. Having ADHD and doing work with no sleep is worse than not having ADHD and a little amount of sleep and doing school work The study concluded that having ADHD and no sleep and doing school work is worse than having not ADHD and having slept a little and doing school work. The children who had ADHD and had not slept for 24 hours were all over the place with their thoughts and their school work. The children who did not have ADHD and had a little amount of sleep were well rounded and did a very good job on their school work.

Continental Airlines Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Continental Airlines - Research Paper Example Part of this success is attributed to the huge investment in employee management and training. This, in turn, leads to better customer care management realized from the employees of the organization. Introduction The story behind Continental Airlines is inundated with many successes and challenges that have characterized the company since its formation. Like any other operator in the turbulent airline industry, these challenges have, over the years, affected the operations of the company and often became the basis for the strategies that have enabled the company to sail through. In any case, Continental Airlines is today regarded as one of the best performing airlines not only in the United States but across the world. Founded in 1934 with a single aircraft in Texas, Continental has grown to become the fifth largest airline in the United States and the seventh largest in the world. This is realized through an annual passenger figure of 50 million across five continents. Presently, th e airline operates over 2,300 daily departures to over 200 destinations across these continents (Burlingham, 2005). Indeed, Continental operates in an industry dominated by several market players which are always on the watch for any strategy to outdo their competitors. The company has faced several financial quagmires over the past few years but has always managed to sail through these challenges. Through continual fleet modernization and an effective employee management program, the company has always been at the forefront in the provision of quality services that transcend the very borders of culture and distance. Although the company has faced bankruptcy twice in its turbulent history, these downfalls have acted as an impetus for success and triggered a new wave of novel strategies that define the company’s overall success. Continental’s Business Strategy At the dawn of this century, Continental was normally ranked in the tenth position among the major airlines in the United States. The major focus of the management was, therefore, to create a new business strategy that would shift the fortunes of the organization. This led to the adoption of a new series of business strategies that were focused on improving industry performance through improved customer service. The first strategy was labeled Fly to Win and was meant to ensure that all the employees in the organization clearly understood what the customers actually wanted in terms of service. This would facilitate an effective response mechanism in order to avail the right products to the right clients. Secondly, Fund the Future strategy was intended to relook into the cash flow and costs incurred by the organization, in order to bail it out of its financial quagmire. The focus in this case was cost management as a way of eliminating some of the unnecessary cost centers previously realized by the organization. The third strategy, Make Reliability a Strategy, was geared towards ensuring that customers were delivered to their destinations safely and without any delays (Ray, 1999). This was also to limit any loss of luggage that was often realized in the company. In a way, reliability was seen as the best way to create customer confidence which would ultimately enable the airline to widen the customer base. The fourth strategy, Working Together, was mainly focused on employee managemen